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华尔街铜牛为何变成傲慢的象征
今年国际妇女节，一家投资公司在华尔街上摆了一个雕像，名叫“无畏的女孩”( fearless girl)。小女孩身高1.2米，远远地站在3米高的铜牛对面，挺胸昂首、双手插腰、裙摆飞扬，怒视着体型硕大的铜牛。雕塑一出现，立刻在全球社交媒体上引起强烈反响，很多人跑去和小女孩合影，摆出和小女孩一样的姿势，对视着那头公牛。突然之间，人们熟悉的铜牛从一个力大无比的斗士变成了一个凶恶傲慢的象征。也就是说，小女孩的出现，不单单是一个雕塑的出现，而是一个参照点的出现。可以想象，这样巨大的改变是多么令人震惊，这家名不见经传的投资公司也由此进入人们的视线。
On International Women's Day this year, an investment company placed a statue on Wall Street called "fearless girl". The little girl, 1.2 meters tall, stood in the distance opposite the 3-meter-tall copper bull. She raised her chest and raised her head, put her hands in her waist, and fluttered her skirt. She glared at the huge copper bull. As soon as the sculpture appeared, it immediately aroused strong repercussions in the global social media. Many people went to take pictures with the little girl and posed like the little girl, looking at the bull. Suddenly, the familiar brass bull changed from a powerful fighter to a symbol of vicious arrogance. That is to say, the appearance of a little girl is not just a sculpture, but a reference point. You can imagine how shocking such a dramatic change has brought this unknown investment company into people's eyes.
这家公司是有20年历史的道富环球投资(State Street Global Advisors，简称SSGA)。有大量研究显示，性别更为均衡的董事会结构能够提高公司价值，同时对盈利能力产生积极影响。去年的国际妇女节，SSGA发起一个ETF指数基金：她指数（SHE），意在追踪女性在企业领导层的作用和性别的多样化从而获取收益。在过去一年中该基金的收益率为12.68%。“无畏的女孩”是SSGA今年推广“她指数”活动的一部分。
The company is a 20-year-old State Street Global Advisors (SSGA). A large number of studies have shown that a more gender-balanced board structure can improve corporate value while having a positive impact on profitability. Last year, on International Women's Day, SSGA launched an ETF Index Fund: SHE, which aims to track women's role in corporate leadership and gender diversity in order to reap benefits. In the past year, the yield of the fund was 12.68%. The fearless girl is part of SSGA's campaign to promote her index this year.
SSGA原本向纽约市政府申请的雕像摆放时间为一周。在社交媒体上引起轰动之后，纽约市长白思豪(Bill de Blasio)宣布将许可证延期，雕像可以留到明年的国际妇女节。也就是从一周延长到了一年。于是，麻烦来了。
The statue that SSGA originally applied to the New York City Government was placed for a week. Following a sensation in the social media, New York Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that his permit would be extended and the statue could be kept until next year's International Women's Day. That's from one week to one year. So the trouble came.
4月12日，铜牛的作者莫迪卡和律师召开新闻发布会。莫迪卡认为公牛象征着“世界上的自由、和平、坚强、力量和爱”，律师称《无畏的女孩》颠覆了公牛的意义，“被人变成了一种负面力量和威胁”，侵犯了莫迪卡的版权，要求移除《无畏的女孩》。
On April 12, the author of Tongniu, Modica, and his lawyer held a press conference. Modica believes that the bull symbolizes "freedom, peace, strength, strength and love in the world". Lawyers claim that "The Fearless Girl" subverts the meaning of the bull, "being transformed into a negative force and threat", violates Modica's copyright and demands the removal of "The Fearless Girl".
各方对此议论纷纷。纽约市长白思豪在Twitter上说：“不喜欢女性占用空间的男性，正是我们需要《无畏的女孩》的原因。”社交媒体上，有人说莫迪卡抱怨的理由不成立。但也有人说，“无畏的女孩”确实改变了铜牛的本义。
All sides have been arguing about it. New York Mayor Stephen Bai said on Twitter: "The reason why we need The Fearless Girl is that we don't like men who occupy space by women." On social media, some people say that Modica's reasons for complaining are not valid. But some people say that "fearless girl" has really changed the meaning of copper bull.
说SSGA无事生非也好，说SSGA是营销高手也罢。值得肯定的是，这家公司巧妙地营造出一个参照点，反击人们头脑中根深蒂固的观念，提醒人们女性领导力是一股不容忽视的力量。
It's better to say that SSGA has nothing to do with, or that SSGA is a marketing expert. To be sure, the company skillfully created a point of reference to counter the deep-rooted ideas in people's minds, reminding people that women's leadership is a force that can not be ignored.
参照点只是行为经济学中一个非常基本的概念。人类的思想和行为还有许多经济学公式不能解释的有趣现象。为什么我们会言行不一却毫不愧疚？为什么我们总是很难实现自己设定的美好目标？为什么我们会在房价高得离谱的情况下仍然会买进？贝多芬在耳聋的情况下写出了不巧的《第九交响曲》，但是他也会拿错家里的钥匙。
Reference point is only a very basic concept in behavioral economics. There are many interesting phenomena in human thought and behavior that cannot be explained by economic formulas. Why do we have different words and deeds without any guilt? Why is it always difficult for us to achieve our goals? Why do we still buy when house prices are extraordinarily high? Beethoven wrote the unfortunate Ninth Symphony when he was deaf, but he would also take the wrong key to his home.
诺奖的评选委员会称赞塞勒说他的工作“让人们更好地理解经济心理学”。的确，理解人类为什么会集睿智和愚蠢于一身，行为经济学还有很多需要寻找答案的未知。
The Nobel Committee praised Seller for his work "to better understand economic psychology". Indeed, to understand why human beings are wise and foolish, behavioral economics has many unknowns that need to be answered.
On International Women's Day this year, an investment company placed a statue on Wall Street called "fearless girl". The little girl, 1.2 meters tall, stood in the distance opposite the 3-meter-tall copper bull. She raised her chest and raised her head, put her hands in her waist, and fluttered her skirt. She glared at the huge copper bull. As soon as the sculpture appeared, it immediately aroused strong repercussions in the global social media. Many people went to take pictures with the little girl and posed like the little girl, looking at the bull. Suddenly, the familiar brass bull changed from a powerful fighter to a symbol of vicious arrogance. That is to say, the appearance of a little girl is not just a sculpture, but a reference point. You can imagine how shocking such a dramatic change has brought this unknown investment company into people's eyes.
这家公司是有20年历史的道富环球投资(State Street Global Advisors，简称SSGA)。有大量研究显示，性别更为均衡的董事会结构能够提高公司价值，同时对盈利能力产生积极影响。去年的国际妇女节，SSGA发起一个ETF指数基金：她指数（SHE），意在追踪女性在企业领导层的作用和性别的多样化从而获取收益。在过去一年中该基金的收益率为12.68%。“无畏的女孩”是SSGA今年推广“她指数”活动的一部分。
The company is a 20-year-old State Street Global Advisors (SSGA). A large number of studies have shown that a more gender-balanced board structure can improve corporate value while having a positive impact on profitability. Last year, on International Women's Day, SSGA launched an ETF Index Fund: SHE, which aims to track women's role in corporate leadership and gender diversity in order to reap benefits. In the past year, the yield of the fund was 12.68%. The fearless girl is part of SSGA's campaign to promote her index this year.
SSGA原本向纽约市政府申请的雕像摆放时间为一周。在社交媒体上引起轰动之后，纽约市长白思豪(Bill de Blasio)宣布将许可证延期，雕像可以留到明年的国际妇女节。也就是从一周延长到了一年。于是，麻烦来了。
The statue that SSGA originally applied to the New York City Government was placed for a week. Following a sensation in the social media, New York Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that his permit would be extended and the statue could be kept until next year's International Women's Day. That's from one week to one year. So the trouble came.
4月12日，铜牛的作者莫迪卡和律师召开新闻发布会。莫迪卡认为公牛象征着“世界上的自由、和平、坚强、力量和爱”，律师称《无畏的女孩》颠覆了公牛的意义，“被人变成了一种负面力量和威胁”，侵犯了莫迪卡的版权，要求移除《无畏的女孩》。
On April 12, the author of Tongniu, Modica, and his lawyer held a press conference. Modica believes that the bull symbolizes "freedom, peace, strength, strength and love in the world". Lawyers claim that "The Fearless Girl" subverts the meaning of the bull, "being transformed into a negative force and threat", violates Modica's copyright and demands the removal of "The Fearless Girl".
各方对此议论纷纷。纽约市长白思豪在Twitter上说：“不喜欢女性占用空间的男性，正是我们需要《无畏的女孩》的原因。”社交媒体上，有人说莫迪卡抱怨的理由不成立。但也有人说，“无畏的女孩”确实改变了铜牛的本义。
All sides have been arguing about it. New York Mayor Stephen Bai said on Twitter: "The reason why we need The Fearless Girl is that we don't like men who occupy space by women." On social media, some people say that Modica's reasons for complaining are not valid. But some people say that "fearless girl" has really changed the meaning of copper bull.
说SSGA无事生非也好，说SSGA是营销高手也罢。值得肯定的是，这家公司巧妙地营造出一个参照点，反击人们头脑中根深蒂固的观念，提醒人们女性领导力是一股不容忽视的力量。
It's better to say that SSGA has nothing to do with, or that SSGA is a marketing expert. To be sure, the company skillfully created a point of reference to counter the deep-rooted ideas in people's minds, reminding people that women's leadership is a force that can not be ignored.
参照点只是行为经济学中一个非常基本的概念。人类的思想和行为还有许多经济学公式不能解释的有趣现象。为什么我们会言行不一却毫不愧疚？为什么我们总是很难实现自己设定的美好目标？为什么我们会在房价高得离谱的情况下仍然会买进？贝多芬在耳聋的情况下写出了不巧的《第九交响曲》，但是他也会拿错家里的钥匙。
Reference point is only a very basic concept in behavioral economics. There are many interesting phenomena in human thought and behavior that cannot be explained by economic formulas. Why do we have different words and deeds without any guilt? Why is it always difficult for us to achieve our goals? Why do we still buy when house prices are extraordinarily high? Beethoven wrote the unfortunate Ninth Symphony when he was deaf, but he would also take the wrong key to his home.
诺奖的评选委员会称赞塞勒说他的工作“让人们更好地理解经济心理学”。的确，理解人类为什么会集睿智和愚蠢于一身，行为经济学还有很多需要寻找答案的未知。
The Nobel Committee praised Seller for his work "to better understand economic psychology". Indeed, to understand why human beings are wise and foolish, behavioral economics has many unknowns that need to be answered.
